基于 Kaptcha 实现分布式验证码登录

前言

为了防止验证系统被暴力破解 ,基于很多系统都增加了验证码效验,现分比较常见的布式就是图片二维码 ,业内比较安全的验证是短信验证码,当然还有一些拼图验证码,码登加入人工智能的基于二维码等等,我们今天的现分主题就是前后端分离的图片二维码登录方案  。高防服务器

未分离验证码登录方案

传统的布式项目大都是基于session交互的  ,前后端都在一个项目里面 ,验证比如传统的码登SSH项目或者一些JSP系统,当前端页面触发到获取验证码请求 ,基于可以将验证码里面的现分信息存在上下文中,所以登录的布式时候只需要 用户名、密码 、验证验证码即可 。亿华云码登

验证码生成流程如下

图片

登录验证流程如下

图片

可以发现 ,整个登录流程还是依赖session上下文的 ,并且由后端调整页面。

分离验证码登录方案

随着系统和业务的不停升级,前后端代码放在一起的项目越来越臃肿 ,已经无法快速迭代和职责区分了  ,于是纷纷投入了前后端分离的怀抱 ,发现代码和职责分离以后 ,建站模板开发效率越来越高了 ,功能迭代还越来越快 ,但是以前的验证码登录方案就要更改了。

验证码生成流程如下

图片

对比原来的方案 ,增加了redis中间件,不再是存在session里面了 ,但是后面怎么区分这个验证码是这个请求生成的呢?所以我们加入了唯一标识符来区分

登录验证流程如下

图片

可以发现 ,服务器租用基于前后端分离的分布式项目登录方案对比原来,加了一个redis中间件和token返回,不再依赖上下文session,并且页面调整也是由后端换到了前端

动手撸轮子

基于验证码的轮子还是挺多的,本文就以Kaptcha这个项目为例,通过springboot项目集成Kaptcha来实现验证码生成和登录方案。

Kaptcha介绍

Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目

我找的源码下载这个轮子是基于SimpleCaptcha二次封装的 ,maven依赖如下

复制<!--Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency>1.2.3.4.5.6.

新建项目并加入依赖

依赖主要有 SpringBoot 、Kaptcha、Redis

复制pom.xml <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lzp</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/><!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <!--Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- redis依赖commons-pool 这个依赖一定要添加 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67. Redis配置类RedisConfig 复制@Configuration publicclass RedisConfig { @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){ RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>(); redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return redisTemplate; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15. 验证码配置类KaptchaConfig 复制@Configuration publicclass KaptchaConfig { @Bean public DefaultKaptcha producer(){ DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha(); Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.border", "no"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.border.color", "105,179,90"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "black"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.image.width", "110"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.image.height", "40"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.string","23456789abcdefghkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHKMNPRSTUVWXYZ"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.size", "30"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space","3"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.session.key", "code"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.length", "4"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.names", "宋体,楷体,微软雅黑"); // properties.setProperty("kaptcha.obscurificator.impl","com.xxx");可以重写实现类 properties.setProperty("kaptcha.noise.impl","com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise"); Config config = new Config(properties); defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config); return defaultKaptcha; }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25. 验证码控制层CaptchaController

为了方便代码写一块了,讲究看;

复制import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha; import com.lzp.kaptcha.service.CaptchaService; import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.CaptchaVO; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; @RestController @RequestMapping("/captcha") publicclass CaptchaController { @Autowired private DefaultKaptcha producer; @Autowired private CaptchaService captchaService; @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/get") public CaptchaVO getCaptcha() throws IOException { // 生成文字验证码 String content = producer.createText(); // 生成图片验证码 ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = null; BufferedImage image = producer.createImage(content); outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", outputStream); // 对字节数组Base64编码 BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder(); String str = "data:image/jpeg;base64,"; String base64Img = str + encoder.encode(outputStream.toByteArray()).replace("\n", "").replace("\r", ""); CaptchaVO captchaVO =captchaService.cacheCaptcha(content); captchaVO.setBase64Img(base64Img); return captchaVO; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50. 验证码返回对象CaptchaVO 复制public class CaptchaVO { /** * 验证码标识符 */ private String captchaKey; /** * 验证码过期时间 */ private Long expire; /** * base64字符串 */ private String base64Img; public String getCaptchaKey() { return captchaKey; } public void setCaptchaKey(String captchaKey) { this.captchaKey = captchaKey; } public Long getExpire() { return expire; } public void setExpire(Long expire) { this.expire = expire; } public String getBase64Img() { return base64Img; } public void setBase64Img(String base64Img) { this.base64Img = base64Img; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38. 验证码方法层CaptchaService 复制import com.lzp.kaptcha.utils.RedisUtils; import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.CaptchaVO; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.UUID; @Service publicclass CaptchaService { @Value("${ server.session.timeout:300}") private Long timeout; @Autowired private RedisUtils redisUtils; privatefinal String CAPTCHA_KEY = "captcha:verification:"; public CaptchaVO cacheCaptcha(String captcha){ //生成一个随机标识符 String captchaKey = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); //缓存验证码并设置过期时间 redisUtils.set(CAPTCHA_KEY.concat(captchaKey),captcha,timeout); CaptchaVO captchaVO = new CaptchaVO(); captchaVO.setCaptchaKey(captchaKey); captchaVO.setExpire(timeout); return captchaVO; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. 用户登录对象封装LoginDTO 复制package com.lzp.kaptcha.dto; publicclass LoginDTO { private String userName; private String pwd; private String captchaKey; private String captcha; public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPwd() { return pwd; } public void setPwd(String pwd) { this.pwd = pwd; } public String getCaptchaKey() { return captchaKey; } public void setCaptchaKey(String captchaKey) { this.captchaKey = captchaKey; } public String getCaptcha() { return captcha; } public void setCaptcha(String captcha) { this.captcha = captcha; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44. 登录控制层UserController

这块我写逻辑代码了,相信大家都看的懂;

复制import com.lzp.kaptcha.dto.LoginDTO; import com.lzp.kaptcha.utils.RedisUtils; import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.UserVO; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") publicclass UserController { @Autowired private RedisUtils redisUtils; @PostMapping("/login") public UserVO login(@RequestBody LoginDTO loginDTO) { Object captch = redisUtils.get(loginDTO.getCaptchaKey()); if(captch == null){ // throw 验证码已过期 } if(!loginDTO.getCaptcha().equals(captch)){ // throw 验证码错误 } // 查询用户信息 //判断用户是否存在 不存在抛出用户名密码错误 //判断密码是免费模板否正确 ,不正确抛出用户名密码错误 //构造返回到前端的用户对象并封装信息和生成token returnnew UserVO(); } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.

验证码获取和查看

图片

图片

滇ICP备2023006006号-45